CONDITIONS
Pulmonology
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition of the airways to the lungs, which causes the airways to swell, tighten and fill with mucus causing symptoms like coughing and chest tightness. Asthma is caused by inflammation of the airways to the lungs and symptoms generally worsen when you are exposed to a particular trigger. This is known as an asthma attack.
For some asthma is simply a minor nuisance, but for others who experience asthma attacks often, this chronic condition can interfere with everyday life.
What causes asthma?
It isn't known exactly what causes asthma, but it is believed to be a combination of environmental factors and genetics. Those with hay fever and who are smokers, or are exposed to fumes and pollution are also more likely to develop asthma.
What are the related symptoms?
During an asthma attack, you can expect symptoms of chest tightness, coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath, making it difficult to breathe. Asthma attacks are common after exercising or after being exposed to fumes, gases, dust, pollen, mould and pet dander.
How is asthma diagnosed?
If your physician suspects that you may have asthma, diagnostic tests such as lung functions testing may be advised. Lung function tests may include a spirometry, lung volume measurement, diffusing capacity or pulse oximetry test. These tests will measure the amount of air you can inhale and exhale, and also see if your lungs are doing what they should be to provide the body with oxygen. If exercise-induced asthma is suspected, an exercise stress test may be done on a treadmill. CT scans, allergy testing and methacholine testing, may also be done to get to an accurate diagnosis.
How is asthma treated?
Although there isn't a cure for asthma, asthma symptoms can be managed with medications that aid in reducing the inflammation in your airways that lead to attacks. In addition, asthma attacks can be avoided with quick-relief inhalers (bronchodilators).
